Classroom Anatomy Online

Lesson: On-line Anatomy Problem-Solving
Valued Outcome: Students will have an opportunity to compose and solve problems via on-line communication.

Mode of Presentation: Patient cards on-line

Description of Task:
Students will investigate symptoms using resource material (including the Net) and determine what human disorder or condition to describe on a "Patient Card." The card could include background information and symptoms that the patient exhibits. It may also include tests run on the patient, results obtained, and medication that was prescribed. The student group will then post its patient card on the Internet. When the patient has been diagnosed by another group of students from another school, the host team will evaluate the diagnosis and respond to the diagnosing group with an evaluation and reply. If the diagnosing team is having difficulty, the hosting team will give suggestions for Net sites to help them in their diagnosis.


Subject:Anatomy and Physiology
Grade level:10-12
Objectives: Compose anatomical problems for other high school anatomy students using knowledge from class and research

Use the internet for retrival of information and problem-solving

Work effectively in teams

Communicate on-line

Type of entry:Lesson/Class Activity
Type of Activity:Internet interactive

Group/cooperative learning

Target audience:Anatomy/Physiology

Biology


Abstract

This activity is designed to function as an internet integration activity which incorporates research on the Net, writing, email or bulletin board communication, and problem-solving in the area of high school anatomy and physiology. It is a year-long project which can be constantly changed and updated.

Students in small groups will choose a human disorder or condition and will surf the Net for information about that condition. From that research, the group will write a patient card giving some background information and symptoms that the patient exhibits. The card may also include tests run on the patient, results obtained, and medication that was prescribed. These students will be known as the "host school."

That patient "card" will then be posted on Classroom Anatomy Online message board for review by other high school anatomy students across the country that are interested in this on-line project. Students in small groups at the other school (known as the "diagnosing school") will analyze the patient cards, attempt to diagnose the condition using the Net, then justify their diagnoses using the information they found. They then post their response on the message board and the "host" school group checks their work and evaluates their diagnosis and justification.

Background

Notes for the teacher:
Setting parameters for surfing and establishing a Net use policy for your school or classroom is beneficial.

National Science Education Standards:

  • Unifying concepts and processes: Form and function
  • Science as inquiry: Understandings about scientific inquiry
  • Life science: The behavior of organisms
  • Understanding about science and technology
  • Science in personal and social perspectives: Personal health
Materials needed:
  • Computer with access to the World Wide Web and/or email
  • Printer (optional)
  • Anatomical resources (medical guides, family health books, medical CD-Roms, textbooks, the Net)
Class time needed:
Student research and group writing time could take a class period. Depending on the difficulty of the problems, diagnosing could also take that long. My classes will periodically take a day and work on these problems. Our patient cards will get more and more involved as the year progresses since the students' knowledge of the human body will increase.

Preparation time needed:
Example of patient cards are given below. It is fun to use the names of school staff for the names of the medical professionals. Information for the patient cards can be gleaned from the Net, medical texts, home medical guides, encyclopedias, health CD-Roms, etc. Information on these disorders is not discussed in class first - the students must use their knowledge of anatomy and research tools to figure them out!

Writing Suggestions

Give your patient a name and some personal information that establishes the background behind the existing medical condition. If it is an acquired condition, perhaps you can give information on where the patient has been or with whom they have been in contact.

Research the condition so enough information can be given to make a diagnosis possible for students of varying abilities. Remember that students have research materials available; they do not have to be able to diagnose from the information in their heads.

I often losely base the patient descriptions on an actual person or even combine characteristics of several people I know; it makes the information seem much more realistic. Please be careful not to mention any persons by name. Remember that the patient is a part of a fictional scenario, and we do not want to bring distress to anyone by divulging personal information that is sensitive in nature.

Sample Patient Cards

Patient name: Unin Telligent (teacher note: trichinosis)

Unin Telligent, a science student at Learnall High School, was
participating in a dissection lab in an anatomy and physiology 
class when he consumed some raw pork from the outside of a fresh 
bone specimen. His parents were duly notified and asked to watch 
for any problems. Diarrhea and vomiting started 36 hours later.
In a week, fever appeared along with swelling around the eyelids
and severe muscle pains in his extremities. An allergic rash was
also noted on his trunk and limbs.
       
Dr. Wortmann, his local physician, ran some blood tests which
indicated the presence of larval antibodies and a high eosinophil 
count. He then requested a muscle biopsy which showed larval
cysts in microscopic slides of Unin's muscle tissue.

Dr. Wortmann then prescribed an antihelmintic drug (thiabendazole)
and corticosteroid drugs to reduce inflammation.  Unin had to take 
these drugs for several weeks because his severe muscle pains only 
gradually disappeared.


Patient name: Handi Wype

Handi Wype is a 50-year-old executive assistant in a legal 
office. When she first started working, she did a lot of 
typing on an "old-fashioned" carriage-type typewriter.  
As the years have progressed, she has adapted to electric 
typewriters, and finally, to the world of
computers and word processing.

Some time ago, she began to notice a tingling on the radial 
side of her hand.  It also seemed as if her hand was weakening 
and it occasionally caused her pain.  This resulted in 
restricted motion in her hand, and she began to notice that 
she was making more and more typing errors. Lately, it seems 
as if the tingling and pain can be felt all the way to her
shoulder.

Since this problem is beginning to affect her job, she has 
taken time off to go and see Dr. Wortmann.  The doctor noted 
that all her vital signs were normal, but after examining 
Mrs. Wype, Dr. Wortmann suggested that there might be a need 
for surgery near her median nerve.

Evaluation:

We will be using a continuum scale for evaluation by the host school students. Any other evaluation can be at the discretion of the diagnosing teacher according to his/her own system.

Mark a place on the continuum in each category to show the proficiency of the diagnosing school's results.

Analysis of the patient card.         Excellent  Good  Fair  Poor  Not Yet

Diagnosis of patient condition.       Excellent  Good  Fair  Poor  Not Yet

Justification of diagnosis.           Excellent  Good  Fair  Poor  Not Yet

Unassisted diagnosis                  Excellent  Good  Fair  Poor  Not Yet
(did not need help from host school).
Comments from host school: _______________________________________________
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For more information, email Gail B. Wortmann.